All kinds of Shortcodes can be also used in Custom HTML modules, Joomla! offers the possibility to apply additional functions to content, but because they are from plugin it needs to be enabled in module options in each module which you going to use for them.

In Custom HTML module type (Option tab), the option is called:Prepare Content must be [YES]. If you turn on the Prepare Content, the HTML content you added to the module will be treated as any article content. Note: But there are some third-party modules that don't have the "Prepare Content" option.

All rest steps are this same as it was in article example.