Hi Dominik,
Probably one of installed extension made that mess.
It could be extra installed by you plugin, this is common reason. Or Joomla installation was damaged by extra files.
Anyway to see more than a single error message:
- Use FTP Tool
- Open configuration.php file in edit mode
- Turn on debug mode
- And showing errors rename from "default" to maximum
Video guide for Joomla Beginners >> https://youtu.be/0W6ZqrbbkbU?feature=shared&t=155
Also check error logs in cPanel.
I hope you have website backup (or hosting company has)