Hello Adrian, as already mentioned in the other related topic, I have tested and upgraded 2 different local test installations. J!3 and J!4. Both have misc 3rd-party extensions. I have updated from HU2.0.11 and 12. Than did a manual installation of 2.0.16 from the Github files. I had no other installer on my machine. Then I used the latest 2.0.17 installers. In J!3 I uploaded them via drag n drop. In J!4 I have used the update manager. Everything works fine here. No clue, why you are having trouble.
What else is on your installation? What were your last steps? What is your server environment/versions? etc.
Always try to enable Joomla Error Reporting. Set it to MAX. Reload and check your page and your browser console for more error details, please.