Hi. For such tasks, you need to use some online store component or a catalog component and its modules.
Also, this can be done using standard Joomla articles with custom fields, blog layout, standard joomla modules. But this requires more skills than using ready-made store/catalog components.
The correct understanding and terms for things that you described are required.
For example, this is not a photo gallery with descriptions. This is a catalog with a preview of goods/items. The same as Joomla Category Blog with articles grid (intro images, intro texts). When clicking on a separate item, you go into a separate article.
If we consider this in the aspect of the standard features of Joomla...
All other things in your photos are not significantly and is only small, technical details.
For example, in photo 1 it can be simple HTML/CSS.
In photo 3 it can be Slick Slider
The main work is an understanding and construction of a catalog. And it requires skills.